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Levin G, Gershonowitz A, Sacks H, Stern M, Sherman A, Rudaev S, Zivin I, Phillip M. Transdermal delivery of human growth hormone through RF-microchannels. The hydrodynamic radius is important in predicting transretinal penetration Carroll PJ. 2016;9706:97061E6. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea, LG electronics, 19 Yangjae-daero 11-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06772, Republic of Korea, You can also search for this author in Pribush, A.; Zilberman-Kravits, D.; Meyerstein, N. (2007). Carbohydrate Polymers, 68, 477-488. Mark-Houwink values confirm that for these conditions dextrans behave as rigid spheres with a tendency at compaction as temperature increases. Ortega, A.; Garca de la Torre, J. ; Fran, H.P. ; Ross-Murphy, S.B. The intrinsic viscosity classical theory of random coils at conditions []0 predicts the quotient a0 = d ln[]0/d ln M to decrease from unity to 0.5 as the chain length increases. Journal of Controlled Release, 119, 5-24. The Dextrans intrinsic viscosity is determined as a function of the molecular weight in water and NaOH 0.5 M see reference [1]. Working with the molecular weights given by the manufacturer and compare them with the molecular weights, calculated from the Mark-Houwink parameters in this work; can be seen that the %RE obtained, see Table 6. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Kasaai, Mohammad R. (2012). Ther. Correspondence to Although, in literature there is much information on hydrodynamic measurements from determinations viscosity; very few of them evaluate the situation at different temperatures. With FITC-dextran 20 K, cumulative In this work, hydrodynamic properties are investigated in different dextran aqueous solutions with different molecular weights (8.8-2000kDa), in a temperature range from 20C to 50C. Therefore, it is suitable as model molecules with different molecular weights for transdermal drug delivery [29]. 2013;43(4):287303. Viscosity of aqueous solutions of polysaccharides and hydrophobically modified polysaccharides: Application of Fedors equation. 1905/05) for their financial support. Critical parameters for gel permeation Molecular weight (M v) and hydrodynamic properties can be calculated from there. Walkenhorst, S.; Olivier, R. (2002). Figure 3 shows that the parameters vary with temperature, evidencing a clear functionality of them. The measurements of the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were taken using the Tewameter (Courage-Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) to evaluate the skin barrier function after microporation. Sci. Red blood cell rouleaux formation in dextran solution: dependence on polymer conformation. Chemical penetration enhancers for transdermal drug delivery systems. Castellanos Gil, E. E.; Iraizoz Colarte, A.; El Ghzaoui, A.; Durand, D.; Delarbre, J.L. European Polymer Journal, 43, 1744-1753. 8. The molecular mass of dextran as determined by the gel filtration and copper bicinchoninate method was approximately, 800 kDa. Recent developments in polysaccharide-based materials used as adsorbents in wastewater treatment. In addition, microporated pig skin permeated larger amounts of FITC-dextran than human skin, this can be attributed to the differences in structure between the human and pig skin; the pig skin layer is thinner (SC, 813m) than the human skin (SC, 1017m) and the pig hair follicle is longer (3871m) than the human hair follicle (18m). Microporation applications for enhancing drug delivery. (2000). 2015;32(5):170413. II. (1991). In order to confirm the molecular weight the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) for standard dextrans is used in a range of molecular weights from 8.8 to 2000kDa and these correspond to the following equation. TEWL measurements were taken 30min after microporation of the human and pig skin. Actually, everything depends on solvent you want to use and temperature. If you want to know gyration (Rg)or hydrodynamic (Rh) radius, you should Carbohydrate Polymers 88 1440-1444. The enhanced permeability through micropores was confirmed by Franz diffusion cell. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. In a poor solvent which shows a positive heat of mixing, segments of a polymer molecule attract each other in solution more strongly than attract the surrounding solvent molecules. Monolayers and Thin Films of Dextran Hydrophobically Modified. Carbohydrate Polymers, 78, 902-907. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Privacy The dextran was chosen as another branched polysaccharide which, like the others was suspected to show hyperbranched behavior. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Drug Deliv. This universalization of the parameters leads to a higher error ratio in the calculation of the respective molecular weights. Enhanced topical delivery of small hydrophilic or lipophilic active agents and epidermal growth factor by fractional radiofrequency microporation. The molecular weight of dextran samples can be obtained by a variety of methods including light scattering, HPLC/SEC, sedimentation, osmometry and end-group analysis. The molecular mass of dextran as determined by the gel filtration and copper bicinchoninate method was where tr is the column retention time in minutes (2 of 0.9792). Rotureau, E.; Dellacherie, E.; Durand, A. 2003;89(2):31120. Hydrodynamic radii ( RH) were determined by dynamic light scattering. It has been found that, when applied to water treatment, it can effectively act on refractory organic matter in wastewater through thermal decomposition and water molecular action to produce free Doke SK, Dhawale SC. Arch Dermatol Res. Hi Alan F Rawle sir, Can you help me in calculating the size of dextran 6 (molecular weight= 6000) and dextran 70 (molecular weight 70000) The mechanism of the dextran-induced red blood cell Aggregation. Radiofrequency ablation of malignant liver tumors. The radius of gyration is typically calculated from static scattering measurements, while the hydro-dynamic radius (or equivalent sphere radius) is deter-mined by dynamic light scattering or other diffusion measurements. Chem. To improve drug permeability, micropore ablation using RF is performed by passing an alternating electrical current through the skin at a frequency higher than 100kHz. A long-chain polymer molecule in solution takes on a somewhat kinked or curled shape, intermediate between a tightly curled mass (coil) and a rigid linear configuration. The (a/b) value is 2.5 which confirms that dextran in aqueous solution is a biopolymer with a spherical conformation for an Mw range from 8.8 to 200kDa, and with tendency to compaction with increasing temperature (RH decreases). J Control Release. The term f/f0 is sometimes denoted as P, Perrin constant. The Mark-Houwink parameters and the effect of temperature on them are specifically studied. (1990). Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. As a consequence of the diversity in their origin, the set of classical universal size independent quantities suffers from shortcomings. 2013;3(5):3588605. The Viscosity of Dilute Solutions of Long-Chain Molecules. The human and pig skin permeability of FITC-dextran (M.W. Dynamics of a Polymer Solution in a Rigid Matriz. 2012;3(1):208. Synthesis of dextran by dextransucrase treated, sucrose-supplemented skimmed milk revealed the promising potential of dextran as a food additive. Intrinsic viscosity of bovine serum albumin conformers. Ioan, C.E. The exponent a is a function of polymer geometry, and varies from 0.5 to 2 and exponent is dimensionless. Macromolecules, 29, 2265-2268. Kim, D.; Robyt, J. F.; So-Young Lee; Jin-Ha Lee; Young-Min Kim. The 70-kDa FITC dextran reached the jejunum after 15 min and passed the entire small intestine within 1 h after its administration, demonstrating that 4-kDa FITC dextran measured in plasma 1 h after its oral application is a marker of small intestinal permeability. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Biophysical Journal, 87, 4259-4270. Gel permeation chromatography of dextrans in parenteral solutions: Calibration procedure development and method validation. Google Scholar. The permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextrans (FITC-dextrans) with different molecular weights through the pig and human cadaver skins were measured using Franz diffusion cell. 2009;301(8):60913. The micropores of the human cadaver skin were regenerated according to the time. Armstrong, J. K.; Wenby, R. B.; Meiselman, H. J.; Fisher, T. C. (2004). Lim SB, Tingirikari JMR, Seo JS, Li L, Shim S, Seo JH, Han NS. Bahary, W. S.; Hogan, M. P.; Jilani, M.; Aronson, M. P. (1995). WebThis value is sensible given that i j = 0 and that the search radius of the clustering algorithm is slightly larger than the average segment length of our Dextran model (b 5.5 nm). Dextrans and their derivatives find an interest in clinical applications, as well as excipients in tablets in the pharmaceutical industry [5]. WebThe invention relates to novel fluorescent dyes with multiple negatively charged groups in their ionized form which are 9-aminoacridines or 1-aminopyrene shaving of one of the fol WebIn this work, hydrodynamic properties are investigated in different dextran aqueous solutions with different molecular weights (8.8-2000kDa), in a temperature range from 20C to 50C. As intrinsic viscosity of dextrans decreases with an increase in solution temperature; chain flexibility enhances with an increase in temperature (see Table 4) showing that the intrinsic viscosity of dextran (with different molecular weights Mw from 8.8 to 200kDa) decreases linearly with an temperature increase in solution, but change to high molecular weight to hyperbranched macromolecule. Polyelectrolytes as secondary calibration standards for aqueous SEC. On single point determination of intrinsic viscosity. These studies were carried out at the Hisko (Gunpo, Korea). Kam Y, Sacks H, Kaplan KM, Stern M, Levin G. Radio frequency-microchannels for transdermal delivery: characterization of skin recovery and delivery window. Teixeira CG, Fusieger A, Milio GL, Martins E, Drider D, Nero LA, de Carvalho AF. High Manufacturing Standards of Molecular Probes Dextrans. De Belder, A.N. where (poise) is the viscosity, the (g/cm3) fluid density, and t the liquid draining time (s) subscript zero is referred to solvent, and without subscript is referred to the solution [40], and inherent viscosity is i = r -1. The above data are not useful because it can not be compared with those obtained in this work. Naik A, Kalia YN, Guy RH. Dextran Fractions. Each microporated sample was incubated in the skin culture medium. The great deviation at 2000kDa occurs due to the large hyperbranched structure of the macromolecule, generating a change in its conformation and, therefore, a change in the way it flows [73]. The relation between Mw and the intrinsic viscosity is given by Mark-Houwink equation. The molecular weight and Simha number do not change in this temperature range (Mw from 8.8-200kDa), P slightly change, showing modifications in the hydrodynamic properties of the biopolymer in aqueous solution as [] and RH. ; Patel, T.R. Part of It is well tolerated on parenteral infusion by most people but a very low incidence The slope is a value and intercept is equal to the ln kMH value [47]. Huang S, Huang G. Preparation and drug delivery of dextran-drug complex. Strategies to improve the potential of transdermal devices by enhancing the skin permeation of therapeutic entities. 10K, and c M.W. Pavlov, G.M. 8600 Rockville Pike The temperature increment can induce a macromolecule compaction (decreases in RH and []), generating by this way, a greater difficult to flowing due at requires an increase of energy consumption (Eavf<). The microporation device based on radiofrequency can be used to enhance delivery efficiency by removing the epidermis layer. PubMedGoogle Scholar. The qM-H values given by equation 13, these vary from 0.9993 to 0.9841 for the range between 8.8 to 200kDa in a temperature range of 20 to 40C. Skin barrier disruption by acetone: observations in a hairless mouse skin model. The skin was treated with the RF-based microporation device, inducing micropore ablation through alternating electrical current. The mostly used commercial product/ polysaccharide is dextran, and it is produced from bacterium Leuconostoc mesenteroides, with an overall degree of branching of about 5% [1-3][1]. Here we have the hydrodynamic radius estimate for the 3kDa dextran and 1.5 kDa dextran by the Zetasizer calculator, thanks to Alan. Alan F Rawle, t In this work, we evaluate the maximum radius of macromolecules able to enter into HeLa cells following a plasma treatment using a size exclusion approach with dextran molecules. Pore closure examination was performed using an optical microscope (BX43, Olympus, Japan) immediately (time 0), 4, 8, and 24h following device application. Chem. The same way, many of these authors emphasize the non-linear or hyperbranched of dextran molecular weight range from 9 to 2000kDa [3,5,8,16, 37,38]. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted (1987). The value of P increases from 1.0272 to 1.2694 (spherical shape with tendency to spheroid for high Mw). Figure4 shows the histological analysis of micropores in human cadaver skin. These studies were again focused on investigating the hydrodynamic properties of the polymer molecules, their hydrodynamic radius in relation to their radius of gyration and the coherence of the simulation results with polymer theory. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. Microporation was performed 2 times on each sample. (more or less, with a hydrodynamic radius of less than 100 nm) to cross from the vasculature into the interstitium. Monosaccharide analysis revealed that the polysaccharide comprised only glucose units. ; Bos, G.W. The range of temperatures used was 25-50 (0.1) C and it was regulated by thermostatic bath Haake C. The viscosity measurements required Hagenbach-Couette correction time (tg 37.31s). Recent Pat. Table 3 shows the intrinsic viscosity for the rest of the dextrans obtained by using the single-point method, measured at different temperatures. After microporation, the TEWL values of the human cadaver skin increased from 11.30.6 to 33.01.0, 10.71.5 to 45.31.5, and 10.70.6 to 61.02.0g/m2/h when the microporation was performed 2, 5, and 10 times, respectively. The skins were from the abdomen of a 39-year-old caucasian woman (BMI: 24). The particular dextrans which were used initially for conversion into synthetic blood-volume expanders [6, 7], human red blood cells aggregation for increasing the degree of polymerization and hence the molecular weight [8, 9, 10], hydrogels and microspheres [11], in drug transport system and its modifications as nanoparticles [12], in the removal through absorption of contaminant effluents such as heavy metals, organic molecules and inks [13], in the formation of biodegradable films [14, 15]. The fast increasing of these polyglucosans for medical, industrial and research purposes motivated a survey of the types obtainable. 4K, 10K, and 20K) permeated through the human, and pig skin after microporation. Bookshelf WebFluorescein isothiocyanatedextran average mol wt 60,000-76,000; CAS Number: 60842-46-8; Synonyms: FITCDextran; find Sigma-Aldrich-FD70S MSDS, related peer-reviewed papers, technical documents, similar products & more at Sigma-Aldrich These studies on Mark-Houwink parameters are usually carried out at a given temperature, obtaining a consistent result but in a very limited temperature range [68]. Carbohydrate Research, 160, 205-214. National Library of Medicine Dependence on Concentration. ; Hogan, M.P. Viet, D.; Beck-Candanedo, S.; Gray D. G. (2008). The Mark-Houwink exponent bears the signature of a three-dimensional configuration of a polymer chain in the solvent environment. WebThe invention relates to novel fluorescent dyes with multiple negatively charged groups in their ionized form which are 9-aminoacridines or 1-aminopyrene shaving of one of the fol European Polymer Journal, 36, 2143-2146. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. All branched polysaccharide types could be described approximately by the hyperbranching theory. eCollection 2018 Feb. Molecules. After 8h, the micropore became more distorted from the previous circle, suggesting that the micropores were closing. The first term on the left-hand side of equation 2 (i/c) has a linear relation as a function of the concentration (c in g/cm3), where is the intrinsic viscosity [] is given by (c0) [42, 43]. Gold MH, Biron JA. The human skins were from the back or thigh of a 24-year-old woman. However, the results did not show significant regeneration of micropore compared to previous in vivo studies which reported significant regeneration [25]. Learn More. California Privacy Statement, Web54 we estimated that the hydrodynamic radii of 3-5 kDa dextran, 20 kDa dextran, and 70 kDa dextran are 2 55 nm, 5 nm, and 6 nm, respectively. Dextran (DX) is one type of EPS synthesized by LAB in the presence of sucrose (R g), radius of hydrodynamic (R h), polymer conformation parameter ( = R g /R h), intrinsic viscosity ([]), Mark-Houwink coefficient () and branching degree of DXs of RPYs prepared under different conditions. Increased epidermal laser fluence through simultaneous ultrasonic microporation. Challenges in analysis of high-molar mass dextrans: Comparison of HPSEC, AsFlFFF and DOSY NMR spectroscopy. The correct way to interpret what Mark-Houwink parameters is determined graphically ln [] versus ln Mw, where Mw is the molecular weight provided by manufacturer, and calculate the percentage relative error (%RE) respect to Mw. Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), a common phenomenon that can produce local excessive temperature, high pressure and large amount of energy. Figure3 shows a magnified image of human cadaver skin with microchannels formed by the microporation device (250kHz) and the skin closure over time. Changes in the Mark-Houwink hydrodynamic volume of chitosan molecules in solutions of different organic acids, at different temperatures and ionic strengths. In the range of working temperatures and molecular weights of dextrans, similar intrinsic viscosity results obtained by other researchers and published here are slight, as shown in tables 1 and 3. The solutions were prepared in bidestilated water at 1, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25 % wt. Indo AM J Pharm. Kasaai, Mohammad R. (2007). Lucifer yellow (LY) and FITC-labelled dextran stock solutions were prepared in Ringers-HEPES buffer (150 mM NaCl, 3.4 mM CaCl 2, 1.2 mM MgCl 2, 5.2 mM KCl, 0.5 mM NaHCO 3, 2.8 mM glucose, and 10 mM HEPES) and frozen at 20C. Pamis, R.; Hernndez Cifre, J. G.; Lpez Martnez, M.C. Table 2 shows that comparing the intrinsic viscosity data obtained from the Huggins method and the Solomon-Ciuta single-point method, a similar values are obtained and the %RE is lower for low Mw and it increases for higher Mw. Experimental Review on Intrinsic Viscosity Measurements and Temperature Effect.". 2000;3(9):31826. This is because the macromolecule hydrodynamic radius changes the solution type and temperature via change in their chain exibility. This study was supported by the LG Electronics. Qi P, Caoa M, Songa L, Chena C, Liua M, Li N, Wua D, Penga J, Hub G, Zhao J. Just in case anyone wants to use a different molecular weight to estimate the hydrodynamic size: the calculator is integrated into the classic Zeta 151-166. ; Veldhuis, T.F.J. Pharmaceutical Quality Dextran 40 is available from Pharmacosmos as active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) as excipient for final formulation, drug product, for medical devices, for production of solutions for injection and infusion and much more. Epub 2021 Feb 9. Table 5 shows the data of Mark-Houwink parameters determined in figure 4 from linear regressions with 2 values higher than 0.9797. In general, Mv is not experimentally accessible, whereas other average molecular weights are accessible. In fact, short chains do contain minor branching points. Solution properties of branched dextran. The dextran has the advantage in terms of low cytotoxicity, excellent biocompatibility, and water-solubility. For 40 kDa molecules, the hydrodynamic diameter dh ~8 nm is much smaller than the collagen mesh size [ 33, 41 ].